solution

Risk retention groups: how they work and what to check

A risk retention group (RRG) is a liability insurer owned by its policyholders, who share similar or related liability exposures. Under the federal Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986, an RRG is chartered and licensed as a liability insurer in one state and can insure members in other states after registering there.

A member-owned US liability insurer, chartered in one state and registered in others under federal law.

RRG, purchasing group or group captive?

These three are often confused. Only two of them are insurers, and only one is defined by the federal Act as a member-owned liability insurer.

FeatureRisk retention groupRisk purchasing groupGroup captive
Is it an insurer?Yes — a licensed liability insurerNo — buys insurance for membersYes
LinesLiability onlyLiability onlyDepends on license and domicile
OwnershipMember-insureds onlyNot an insurer; no capital in an insurerMembers
Multistate operationChartered and licensed in one state; registers in each other state where it insures membersGives notice to and registers with each state where it does business; buys from admitted insurers, chartered RRGs or through licensed surplus lines brokersLicensed in its domicile; coverage written elsewhere often goes through a fronting insurer
State guaranty fund protectionNo — every policy must carry a notice saying soDepends on the insurer that writes the coverageGenerally no — captive laws commonly exclude captives

Guaranty funds are state safety nets for policyholders of insolvent licensed insurers. Federal law bars states from requiring RRGs to join them, and each RRG policy must state that state insolvency guaranty funds are not available. Captive statutes commonly exclude captives as well; Vermont's, for example, bars captives from joining or drawing on state guaranty funds. Where an admitted fronting insurer issues the policy, the position follows that insurer and the state. Counsel familiar with the Liability Risk Retention Act and the domiciliary regulator are the first stops; an actuary and an RRG manager follow.

Benefits and limitations

Potential benefits

  • Members with similar liability exposures can price and manage that risk more precisely than a broad commercial pool.
  • One domiciliary license, plus registration elsewhere, instead of a license in every state.
  • Members own and govern the insurer, which gives them a say in underwriting and claims philosophy.
  • Favorable results stay with the membership rather than a commercial carrier.

Key considerations and limitations

  • RRGs write liability insurance only; the Act excludes workers' compensation employers' liability and personal-lines liability.
  • State insurance guaranty funds are not available if an RRG fails, and policies must carry a notice saying so.
  • Ownership is restricted to member-insureds, and admission is underwritten.
  • Non-domiciliary states can still require registration, filings and premium taxes, and one member's losses affect the group.

Is this relevant to me?

When it may be worth exploring

  • Your liability exposure closely matches others in your profession or industry.
  • You operate in several states and want one structure for that liability.
  • You are prepared to own and govern the insurer with other members.

When it may not fit

  • Your main need is property or another non-liability line.
  • Your liability profile does not match the group's underwriting standard.
  • You want independent control rather than shared governance.

12 companies

Oct 20, 2026How are these providers ranked?

Not sure where to start?

Not sure whether Risk Retention Group (RRG) is the right route for your risk-financing need? A short structured questionnaire will map your requirements to the right kinds of provider.

Start AI Assessment