A group captive is a market term rather than a single legal form. Depending on the domicile and ownership, a group program may be licensed as an association captive, an industrial insured captive, a sponsored captive or another statutory class, and that classification shapes its capital and governance. The program documents, not the label, set your obligations.
| Area | What to check | Why it matters |
|---|
| Loss sharing | How losses split between your own layer and the shared layer | Determines how much of other members’ experience you carry |
| Capital and collateral | Amount, form, and when and how it is returned | Capital may be tied up beyond your membership |
| Assessments | Whether and when the group can ask members for more funds | Sets your downside in a bad year |
| Distributions | How surplus is calculated and paid, and the waiting period | Benefits arrive years after the premium |
| Governance | Board seats, voting and who sets underwriting standards | Shows how much influence you will have |
| Exit and run-off | Notice, continuing liability for past years and return of collateral | Leaving is rarely a clean break |
Compared with a single-parent captive, you trade control for lower entry cost. An association captive is narrower again: it is limited to the members of an association. A captive manager, an actuary reviewing the program's loss allocation and counsel reading the participation agreement are the usual first specialists.